推荐回答(2个)
经过10年断断续续的战争,西印度公司控制了巴西海岸很大一部分土地,但到了17世纪中叶被葡萄牙人赶出。1622年荷兰在哈德逊河口获得曼哈顿岛,建立新阿姆斯特丹城1660年,英国人夺占后,改名为纽约。1674年,根据第二个威斯敏斯特和平条约,荷兰正式将纽约交给英国。。此后以哈德逊河流域为基地向东扩展到康涅狄格河的哈特福特,向南扩展到特拉华河畔,建立起新尼德兰。1623年占领南美的圭亚那。1630年到1640年间从西班牙人手中夺得加勒比海上的小安的列斯群岛中的阿鲁巴岛、库腊索岛、博内尔岛、萨巴岛、圣尤斯特歇斯岛,和法国人共占圣马丁岛。西印度公司占领这些岛后大肆屠杀土著居民,使劳动力减少,以后又成为这些地区的主要贩奴者。 17世纪中叶,荷属西印度公司又在黄金海岸和奴隶海岸拥有了多处堡垒和商站,并一度占领毛里求斯,作为在马达加斯加掠夺奴隶的根据地,英属弗吉尼亚的第一批奴隶和法属殖民地的奴隶全靠它供应。到18世纪初,荷兰奴隶贸易量占世界奴隶贸易额的一半以上。 荷兰所有殖民地中最持久的殖民地是海角殖民地,这是1652年从葡萄牙人手中抢来的一小块殖民地,位于南非好望角。它是一个补给基地,向去东方的船只提供燃料、水和新鲜食物。这块殖民地很快便证明了它的价值。它向荷兰船和其他一些船只提供的鲜肉和新鲜蔬菜帮助制服了坏血病,拯救了数千名海员的生命。 荷属东西印度公司成立以后,荷兰对殖民地的掠夺是极其残酷的。为了掠夺殖民地的财富,他们野蛮地屠杀当地居民,或者把他们变为奴隶,利润往往高达百分之几百。马克思说“荷兰——它是17世纪标准的资本主义国家——经营殖民地的历史展示出一幅背信弃义、贿赂、残杀和卑鄙行为的绝妙图画”。 在17世纪末,荷兰人的直辖地仅一小块,但到了18、19世纪荷兰就建立起一个庞大地域的殖民帝国。中国最悠久的不怎么清楚。。不知道对不对。
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