推荐回答(3个)
对于中国而言,葡萄酒是一种舶来品。尽管在地中海沿岸包括埃及、西亚和南欧等地区,葡萄酒早在数千年前就已大量生产了,但是中国人喝到葡萄酒则是比较晚的事情了。
有学者认为,在秦汉时期中国境内已经酿造葡萄酒了。不过它还局限于西北边疆地区,并没有传播到中原一带。《汉武帝内传》记述,武帝招待西王母时,曾“列玉门之枣,酌葡萄之醴”。说的虽是神话,却也是现实的反映。这说明,尽管不能肯定中原地区也已学会了酿造葡萄酒的技术,但是中原社会上层确实喝到了葡萄酒了。此后数百年之间中国史籍没有提及葡萄酒的酿造技术。虽然不时有葡萄酒出现,但是它只是作为成品出现,而且局限于宫廷之中和社会上层。到东汉的时候,葡萄酒还非常的珍贵。《后汉书·宦者列传》注中引《三辅决录》说孟佗“以蒲陶酒一斗遗让,让即拜佗为凉州刺史”。可见当时葡萄酒的价值之高。魏晋南北朝时期,葡萄酒仍然属于难得之物,《北齐书·李元忠传》载李元忠“曾贡世宗蒲桃酒一盘,世宗报以百练缣”。
这种情况一直持续到唐代。《唐会要》卷100《杂录》记载:“葡萄酒,西域有之,前世或有贡献。及破髙昌,收马乳葡萄实于苑中种之,并得其酒法,自损益造酒。酒成,凡有八色,芳香酷烈,味兼醍醐。既颁赐群臣,京中始识其味。”可见,在唐太宗贞观十四年(640)破高昌之后,葡萄酒的酿造技术正式传入中原。此后二百多年内,葡萄酒的酿造和在社会上的传播都得到了很大发展。史料反映,在唐代,中国人自己酿造的葡萄酒至少出现了两大名牌。最好的是凉州葡萄酒,产于今天的武威一带。据载当年李白写出《清平调》三首之时,杨贵妃就用凉州葡萄酒给予赏赐。另一种河东“乾和葡萄酒”,产于今天的山西一带,为好酒者所赞赏。这时候,咏叹葡萄酒的诗句也在唐人诗集里层出不穷地涌现。王翰《凉州词》中的“葡萄美酒夜光杯,欲饮琵琶马上催”为美味的葡萄酒千古留名;而李白、王维、白居易、刘禹锡、岑参和王绩等人的吟咏更使中国的各色葡萄酒璀璨斑斓。由此看,至少从唐代开始,葡萄酒在中国境内广泛酿制,终于成为中原官吏文人也能尝到的美酒了
甘肃凉州的"莫高"天下第一,3000年历史,甘肃凉州(武威),汉朝时期凉州人**就用一斗葡萄酒贿赂宦官,换取一个凉州刺史的头衔,“斗酒搏凉州”的典故来自这个故事,唐朝有《凉州词》:葡萄美酒夜光杯,欲饮琵琶马上催,醉卧沙场君莫笑,古来征战几人回。可见凉州的葡萄酒历史,山东在古代属于东夷落后地区,哪里有葡萄酒,葡萄汉朝才沿着丝绸之路来到中国。东北就不提啦
葡萄酒在我国有文字记载的历史,已经有2000多年。汉武帝时派使臣张骞出使西域(公元前138~公元前119年),张骞从西域大宛,不仅引进酿酒葡萄,还招来了酿酒艺人,引进了酿造葡萄酒的技术。据史料记载,汉武帝时,离宫别馆,尽栽葡萄。说明当时对葡萄栽培和葡萄酿酒的重视,也说明当时葡萄酒酿造已经达到一定的规模。 从张骞引进西域的葡萄和葡萄酒算起,葡萄酒在我国已经有2000多年的历史。
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