马其顿方阵究竟是什么样的,为什么只有亚历山大才能使用?
推荐回答(1个)
每当在历史圈提到马其顿方阵,就有很多人出来大骂,说这是西方的伪史。是文艺复兴时期西方人为了向世界宣扬他们的伟大,才编制出来的一套谎言。甚至还有人说,这是什么共济会搞出来的玩意,目的是向全世界洗脑。到底有没有共济会,我真的很好奇。我们抛开各种猜测,仅以现有的史料来进行分析马其顿方阵。很多人都把马其顿方阵理解错了,认为它仅仅只是步兵玩的东西。其实马其顿方阵是一个多种兵种组合起来的混合战队。它的厉害之处到底在哪里呢?
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马其顿方阵包括手持长矛的步兵,拥有坚甲策应的护卫兵,还有伙伴骑兵,甚至还有炮兵(投石机)和车盾兵……马其顿方阵最出名的地方还是它的方阵枪兵。看图片我们就知道,士兵拿着这样的长矛,身上再配带一个三脚架和一些拆卸配件。不但可以阻止对方骑兵的冲击,在队友的协助之下,还能攻守共进,行动如山。每一个人拿那么长的一个玩意,几万人组合起来,就是一座可以随时移动的城。这种长矛不但打仗时可以用,过河时也可以用,甚至还可以用来搭建攻城的阶梯……这种多功能的拆卸兵器,很像今天孩子玩的雪花片,可以组装成他们想象到的任何东西。
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被称为无坚不摧的马其顿方阵和中国古代的八卦阵、鸳鸯阵、六花阵、一字长蛇阵……差不多。关键不是在于如何布置,而是在于使用这个阵法的人。难道就戚继光自己会用鸳鸯阵吗?诸葛亮真的用过八卦阵吗?历史过去了那么久,到底哪个是真?哪个是假?我们今天的人能够说得清楚吗?西方的战术和东方还是有区别的。在马其顿方阵里,除了最著名的枪兵之外,还配备了大量的投掷兵。看看我们今天的体育运动里,中国人有几个重视标枪的?而古代的西方人,把标枪看得很重要。看过电视剧《斯巴达克斯》的人都知道,西方古代的战场似乎更喜欢肉搏。
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其实马其顿方阵的最厉害之处还在于团队协作水平。前面有枪兵挡住对方的攻击,把对方死死咬住,然后亚历山大指挥重骑兵从侧翼或后方对敌人进行猛烈的突击。这种以奇制胜,灵活掌握战场变动性,抓住战场每一个微小的变化,才是别人复制不了的。不是马其顿方阵不厉害,而是亚历山大和拿破仑一样,都是一个军事奇才。
就凭枪兵那些长矛,那么远的距离,能穿透敌人的盔甲吗?而且那玩意儿攻坚能力也很一般啊。不要告诉我冷兵器时代打仗不穿盔甲。另外马其顿方阵里的弓兵,也是相当牛的。其实马其顿方阵很象二战时德军的钢甲战队。步兵保持强大的队形,骑兵和弓箭手随时可以出击。他们像一个大车轮一样,向敌方残酷地碾压过去。
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