推荐回答(1个)
中国历史上,从秦末陈胜、吴广领导的大泽乡起义到晚清的太平天国起义、捻军起义,两千多年来,凡是王朝末期,因为阶级矛盾催生的各种农民起义禁之不绝。农民起义军虽然很少有获得最终果实的,但他们无疑是摧毁前王朝统治根基的决定性力量。历史上大大小小的农民起义数不胜数,农民起义军领导人也有相当多的可称为一世英豪,他们的结局又是如何?
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一、秦朝末年农民起义军领导人陈胜、吴广:
率领一群劳役在大泽乡起义反秦的陈胜、吴广毫无疑问可以算是中国历史上所有农民起义军的老祖宗,一句“王侯将相宁有种乎”
让多少朝代葬送在各种大起义中。可惜的是这两位先行者下场都不太好,陈胜被自己最信任的司机庄贾杀害,吴广也被同事田臧杀害。不过陈胜做为起义军一把手,死后待遇还是不错的,被汉高祖刘邦封为“隐王”,还专门派了30户丁役为陈胜守墓,比秦始皇还多10户。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2Fdc54564e9258d109b7460dccc158ccbf6c814d22%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
二、西汉末年农民起义军领导人吕母:
吕母领导的起义是反王莽大起义的先锋,吕母本人不算农民,她家算是富裕阶层,儿子还是个县公安局长。就是因为儿子被上司杀掉,吕母为了报仇,才散尽家财召集一大批失地农民起义,点燃了反王莽大起义的烽火,吕母领导起义后仅一年就因病身故,余部融进了赤眉军。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F9d82d158ccbf6c8189928896ac3eb13533fa4022%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
三、西汉末年绿林军领导人王匡、王凤:
西汉末年反抗王莽政权的农民起义军绿林军领袖,他们起义的目的只是活不下去了,没什么政治上的述求,当更有声望的更始帝刘玄站出来后,他们甘居下手,两人双双被更始帝刘玄封王爵。不过出头的鸟总归还是让人忌惮,王匡被刘玄猜忌后去投奔同为起义军的赤眉军,还是被猜忌,不得已去投奔刘秀,但他没直接去找刘秀,而是就近找到了刘秀的部将宗广,结果被宗广杀掉,史书上没有记载宗广杀掉王匡的动机,是否为刘秀指使存疑。王凤的结局就好的多,他跑去出家了,刘秀称帝后还赐封王凤为“悟彻大法师”,并让当地官府给他修庙养老。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F18d8bc3eb13533fa8c133750b8d3fd1f41345b22%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
四、西汉末年赤眉军领导人樊崇:
赤眉军是和绿林军齐名的农民起义军,樊崇率领赤眉军先后和新朝王莽、更始帝刘玄、光武帝刘秀作战,鼎盛时拥兵三十多万。后因连续失败不得已向东汉刘秀投降,不过樊崇在刘秀称帝时曾经拥戴过另外一个皇帝刘盆子,又是兵败而降,所以刘秀没给他太好的政治待遇,樊崇心生不满,再度反叛,被东汉朝廷镇压后杀掉。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F4034970a304e251f83524086b786c9177f3e5322%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
五、西汉末年农民起义军领导人迟昭平:
又一个女英雄,迟昭平领导的起义军鼎盛时期发展到十多万人,在当时规模仅次于绿林军和赤眉军,迟昭平的动机很明显,就是反王莽政权,因此在王莽的新朝垮台后,她没有参合其余农民起义军之间的斗争,直接就隐居了。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2Ffd039245d688d43fa90c358c6d1ed21b0ef43b22%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
六、东汉末年黄巾起义领导人张角:
张角以太平道为壳发动的黄巾起义给了东汉朝廷最后一击,因为黄巾起义,各个地方豪强崛起,由此拉来了诸侯争霸直至三分天下的序幕。张角本人在发动起义后没多久就病死了,各地的黄巾起义军也被东汉朝廷号召地方豪强予以镇压下去。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F8694a4c27d1ed21b3c6c8a9bbd6eddc451da3f22%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
七、隋朝末年瓦岗寨起义军领导人翟让:
翟让本人不算农民,虽然只是个不入流的小官,但也算体制中人,因为犯罪才不得已上山落草,他领导的瓦岗寨起义军在隋末是一支不可忽视的力量,在后世我们虽然称瓦岗寨为农民起义军,但其实瓦岗寨的军事领导人大多是地方豪强,比如徐世绩、程咬金、单雄信等都是家有良田和私兵的一方豪强。翟让本人其实没什么雄心壮志,李密上瓦岗后他甘愿退居其后,不过两人终究没能和谐共处,为整合军权,李密干脆杀掉了翟让及其亲信,也种下了瓦岗分裂的恶果。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F50da81cb39dbb6fd68fe41581924ab18972b3722%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
八、隋朝末年河北起义军领导人窦建德:
隋末各个起义军里,窦建德是少有的农民出身,并且颇有仁义之名。他领导的河北农民起义军一度号称拥兵百万,并且建国称帝。为了有一定的战略缓冲地,不至于和如日中天的大唐王朝直接对垒,窦建德亲自率兵数十万去援救被李世民围困的洛阳王世充,结果被一代天骄李世民率少量精锐铁骑直冲中军大阵,窦建德本人被俘,押解到长安后被唐高祖李渊直接命令杀掉。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F9f510fb30f2442a79eab59dbc143ad4bd1130222%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
九、唐朝末年农民起义军领导人黄巢:
私盐贩子出身,因屡次科举不中,绝了依靠走仕途进入体制内的心,借唐末的阶级矛盾揭竿而起。黄巢开创了大范围流动作战的先河,山东起兵,从北杀到南再杀到西,作战距离不比后世的二万五千里长征差。公元880年,黄巢杀进唐朝首都长安后曾建朝称帝,不过仅仅三年就被反叛的部下朱温和唐朝请来的雇佣军沙陀人李克用联手杀出长安,并被赶回山东,次年,黄巢被外甥林言杀害。
![](/picurl?url=https%3A%2F%2Fiknow-pic.cdn.bcebos.com%2F83025aafa40f4bfbaa753a2a134f78f0f7361822%3Fx-bce-process%3Dimage%252Fresize%252Cm_lfit%252Cw_600%252Ch_800%252Climit_1%252Fquality%252Cq_85%252Fformat%252Cf_auto)
十、北宋初年农民起义军领导人王小波、李顺:
北宋初期,因为地方豪强和北宋中央朝廷的联手压榨,蜀中农民衣食无着,宋太宗年间,在王小波和李顺的领导下发动大起义,这次起义提出了“均贫富”的战斗口号。起义最终失败,王小波、李顺先后战死。
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